Study of Fe3O4-NPs Coated with an Alcoholic Extract of C. Spinosa to Identify Appropriate IC50 HTC116 Cancer Cells

Abstract

In this study, C. spinosa was used to prepare Fe3O4 nanoparticles using green synthesis, and an
alcoholic extract of C. spinosa was used to coat them. The resulting Fe3O4 nanocomposite showed
high IC50 activity against HTC116 cancer cells. We characterized the prepared Fe3O4-NP powder
for phase size, shape, crystallographic arrangement, chemical composition, and surface charge
using TEM, FESEM, XRD, FTIR, and zeta potential. Zeta potential confirmed NP surface charges
-18.9 mV for Fe3O4 and -25 mV for Fe3O4 coated alcoholic extract, whereas XRD confirmed
crystal shapes, and the FTIR study, functional groups at 505, 378, and 555 cm-1 showed Fe-O
linkages in A1 (alcoholic extract), A2 (Fe3O4, green synthesis), and A3 (alcoholic extract coated
with Fe3O4). C. spinosa exhibited C=C stretching at 1539 and 1558 cm-1, while functional groups
A1, A2, and A3 observed C=O stretching at 1626, 1647, and 1743 cm-1. The green synthesis had
spherical aggregates with an average size of 24.6±5.7 nm, and the alcoholic extract-coated
synthesis had 27.3±7.5 nm. This was true even though the NPs had a crystal structure. Then, TEM
measured 8.9±2.26 and 11.2±6.8 nm Fe3O4-NP thicknesses. The XRD analysis of the Fe3O4-NPs
were 7.72 and 8.9 nm, respectively. The study found that Fe3O4 nanocomposites had the best IC50
at 32.49 μg/mL and the highest average viability at 20 μg/mL in code C. Following it were code B
at 64.24 4.73% with an IC50 of 52.32 g/mL and code A at 69.25 1.07% with an IC50 of 78.95
g/mL. Code C had the lowest cell viability for HDF at 20 μg/mL, at 75.27±7.90%, with an IC50 of
569.47 μg/mL. Codes B and A came in second and third, with IC50s of 488.23 and 243.77 μg/mL,
respectively, which was in line with what the literature said would happen. Following lengthy
procedures, it may be a promising drug in the future