Study of Fe3O4-NPs Coated with an Alcoholic Extract of C. Spinosa to Determine Appropriate IC50 for HTC116 Cancer Cells

Abstract

In this study, C. spinosa was used to prepare Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles using green synthesis, and an alcoholic extract of C. spinosa was used to coat them. The resulting Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite showed high IC₅₀ activity against HTC116 cancer cells. We characterized the prepared Fe₃O₄-NP powder for phase size, shape, crystallographic arrangement, chemical composition, and surface charge using TEM, FESEM, XRD, FTIR, and the NPs surface charges % -18.9 mV for Fe₃O₄ and -25 mV for Fe₃O₄ coated alcoholic extract, whereas XRD confirmed crystal shapes, and the FTIR study, functional groups at 505, 378, and 555 cm^-1 showed Fe-O linkages in A1 (alcoholic extract), A2 (Fe₃O₄, green synthesis), and A3 (alcoholic extract coated with Fe3O4). C. spinosa exhibited C=C stretching at 1539 and 1558 cm^-1, while functional groups A1, A2, and A3 observed C=O stretching at 1626, 1647, and 1743 cm-1. The green synthesized NPs had spherical aggregates with an average size of 24.6±5.7 nm, and the alcoholic extract-coated synthesized NPs had 27.3±7.5 nm. Then, TEM measured 8.9±2.26 and 11.2±6.8 nm Fe3O4-NP thicknesses. The XRD analysis of the Fe₃O₄-NPs were 7.72 and 8.9 nm, respectively. The study found that Fe₃O₄ nano composites had the best IC50 at 32.49 μg/mL and the highest average viability at 20 μg/mL in code C. Following it were code B at 64.24; 4.73% with an IC50 of 52.32 g/mL and code A at 69.25 1.07% with an IC₅₀ of 78.95 g/mL. Code C had the lowest cell viability for HDF at 20 μg/mL, at 75.27±7.90%, with an IC₅₀ of 569.47 μg/mL. Codes B and A came in second and third, with IC₅₀ of 488.23 and 243.77 μg/mL, respectively, though following lengthy procedures, it may be a promising drug in the future.