The Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Toxic Metals (Cd, Hg and Pb) by Calixarenes

D. Max Roundhill; Imam Bakhsh Solangi; Shahabuddin Memon; M. I. Bhanger; Mustafa Yilmaz

doi:10.21743/

Authors

D. Max Roundhill Chem. Consulting, 2202 Walnut Ave SW Seatle, Washington 98116, USA Author
Imam Bakhsh Solangi National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan Author
Shahabuddin Memon National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan Author
M. I. Bhanger National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan Author
Mustafa Yilmaz Department of Chemistry, Selçuk University 42031, Konya Turkey Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21743/

Keywords:

Calixarenes, Liquid-Liquid Extraction, Ion Recognition, Toxic Metals, Supramolecular Chemistry

Abstract

Toxic metals (Cd, Hg and Pb) are mostly present in the environment due to natural phenomenon and human activities as well. Exposure of these non-essential elements in the environment causes severe effects. They are known to cause problems in humans as well as in aquatic life. In this work, we demonstrate various studies regarding liquid-liquid extraction of selected ions with different functionalized calixarenes. This review article briefly discusses several molecular designs of calixarenes for divalent ion (Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+) recognition; as well as the relationship between structure and selectivity of the macrocycles is elaborated. The article does not, however, attempt to cover all of the different approaches to these toxic metal ions extraction