Synthesis and Characterization of polypyrrole / Silver Nanoparticles Composites as Creatinine Sensor

Abstract

The Jaffe reaction is commonly employed to detect creatinine. This work involves the creation of several electrochemical sensors for the detection of creatinine, utilizing films made from polymer composites with nanoparticles and picric acid. Based on the interaction mechanism of creatinine, we synthesized four working electrodes (WEs): polypyrrole (Ppy) alone, Ppy with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), Ppy with picric acid, and a combination of Ppy, picric acid, and AgNPs. All these electrochemical sensors exhibited distinctive sensitivities for creatinine detection. The performance and electrochemical behavior of the sensors were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry. AgNPs were synthesized biologically using Capsicum annuum leaves extract, serving as both a reducing and capping agent. Ppy was prepared via chemical polymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an oxidizing agent in the presence of hydrochloric acid as a dopant. The sensor presented a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.144 mg/dL and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.44 mg/dL. Ppy and AgNPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The prepared sensors were successfully applied for the direct detection of creatinine.